| Cultural perpectives |
| Gone to the Reindeer People |
| A journey to reindeer-herding Nenets in Siberia. |
| Canada's Reindeer |
| In 1935 a herd of 2,700 reindeer completed a five-year journey from Alaska to north of the Arctic circle. They were imported and re-settled by the Canadian Government in an effort to improve the economic conditions of the Inuit. |
| Russian Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) |
| RAIPON is a non-government organization formed on territorial and territorial-ethnic principles and comprising thirty regional ethnic associations of indigenous peoples of the North. |
| The Reindeer in different cultures |
| Brief overview of reindeer's role in cultures with interesting pictures. |
| Profiles of Tribal Communities in the Bristol Bay Region, Alaska |
| Explore the world of these communities; for the majority of them caribou are an important resource. |
| The Beothuks |
| Read about the Beothuk Indians who inhabited Newfoundland and Labrador and importance of caribou for their survival. |
| Chipewyans - Archaeological History of northern Saskatchewan |
| Throughout the prehistoric period far northern Saskatchewan has been occupied by peoples whose lives were oriented to hunting the barren-ground caribou. Into the present century the Chipewyans of this region followed the migrating caribou. |
| Reindeer Herding Camp in the Tundra - Chukotka, Russia |
| The work and life of reindeer herders in Chukotka. The site has great photos by the anthropologist Patty Gray. Explore also other pages on this site that present various aspects of life and reindeer herding among the people of Chukotka. |
| The Reindeer Thief |
| Like many St. Lawrence Island legends, this story is set in Siberia where Chukchi, the Reindeer People, live. |
| Films by Andrei Golovnev, a Russian anthropologist |
| Two films tell stories about Chukchi and Nenets reindeer-herding everyday lives, rituals, myths. |
| Totem Peoples' Reindeer Preservation Project (Mongolia & Siberia) |
| The project works to insure the survival and sustainability of traditional, indigenous, and nomadic cultures whose lifestyle, spirituality, and culture are inextricably linked with reindeer. |
| Netsilik Eskimos Series |
| These films reveal live reality of traditional Eskimo life before the European acculturation. The Netsilik Eskimos of the Pelly Bay region in the Canadian Arctic had long lived apart from other people and had depended entirely on the land for survival. |
| Reindeer Herders' Association, Kawerak, Inc. |
| Office of Reindeer Herders' Association of a larger organization, Kawerak, Inc. serving villages of the Bering Strait and the Seward Peninsula. |
| Native Children in Siberia At Home on the Range |
| The children, who belong to the Eveny tribes native to the Sakha Republic, live between two worlds. They are maintaining ties to their people's traditional roots as nomadic reindeer herders, while trying to prepare for life in the 21st century. |
| Ayan Evenki |
| A story of cultural and spiritual decline of this unique people for whom reindeer herding was a key part of their lives. In Russian. |
| Evenk Economy |
| Reindeer played an important part in the life of Evenk people. |
| Reindeer in the life of Evenki |
| Brief article on the challenges facing traditional reindeer herding culture of Evenki. |
| Old Crow - Yukon: Home of the Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation: Caribou Coordination |
| The land of the Vuntut Gwitchin is the land of the Porcupine Caribou Herd. Each spring and autumn the caribou pass through the lands of the Vuntut Gwitchin. |
| The Sacred Place Where Life Begins |
| The fate of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in northern Alaska is the fate of the Gwich'in Nation. |
| Gwich'in Steering Committee |
| The "Gwich'in Steering Committee was established by consensus resolution "to protect our people, caribou, land, air and water." The committee is composed of eight tribal members chosen by the Chiefs, four from Alaska, and four from Canada. |
| Survival tactic: Can the hunters save the caribou? |
| In a few weeks, the hunt will begin. As many as 75 members of the Vuntut Gwich'in First Nation will set out from Old Crow, their village more than 100 kilometres north of the Arctic Circle, to a very special spot. |
| Old Crow - Caribou |
| Read about the importance of Caribou for Vuntut Gwitch'in people who live in Old Crow. Find photo galleries at the bottom. |
| Vuntut Gwitchin Porcupine Caribou Protection: Looking After What's Important |
| The Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation has about 400 members, most of whom live in Old Crow, a community located north of the Arctic Circle in the Yukon Territory of Canada. The Vuntut Gwitchin depend heavily on the Porcupine Caribou. |
| Hunting for Their Future - Alaska's Gwich'in |
| For the Gwich'in, the caribou's arrival is a major event that sends hunters scurrying into the hills. Many in this tribe of about 5,000 members still depend on stores of caribou meat for full stomachs. |
| Gwich'in people and caribou - Radio Expedition from National Geographic |
| "What would your life be like without water?" Absurd question? To the Gwich'in people of Alaska and Canada it's just as impossible to imagine life without caribou. |
| Home of the Gwich'in People - Arctic Refuge |
| Gwich'in People's place in Arctic Refuge |
| Old Crow: Land of the Vuntut Gwitch'in |
| The Vuntut Gwitch'in have depended on Porcupine Caribou Herd for many generations. The caribou are their main source of food and this food helps to survive the harsh climate of the north. |
| Vuntut Gwitchin Porcupine Caribou Protection: Looking After What's Important |
| Vuntut Gwitchin have taken on the United States government successfully to protect the traditional calving grounds of the Porcupine Caribou. |
| "He Looks for the Caribou" |
| A legend about how Innu people got their caribou. |
| Tuktu and the Caribou Hunt |
| When the caribou cross the small lakes to reach new grazing ground, the Inuit hunt the animals from their kayaks. |
| Inupiat of Arctic Alaska |
| Explore the changing world of people whose life has traditionally depended on caribou. |
| Crossroads of Continents - People of Northern Pacific |
| Explore this wonderful virtual exhibit of the Smithsonian Institution about cultures of people of eastern Siberia and Alaska. For many of them reindeer/caribou was an important part of culture and every day life. |
| Gwich'in complete caribou migration |
| According to Gwich'in mythology, every caribou has a bit of the human heart, and every human has a bit of caribou heart. For thousands of years, the Gwich'in people have relied upon the Porcupine River Caribou herd to meet their subsistence needs. |
| Caribou-Tuttu-Rangifer Tarandus |
| For generations the caribou have offered themselves to the people. Every fall and spring they follow their ancient trails to their feeding grounds. They have sustained the Iñupiat and Gwich'in people for many generations. |
| Khanty Economy |
| Khanty practiced reindeer herding and hunting was an important part of Khanty lifestyle. |
| Khanty - People of the Reindeer |
| Khanty reindeer herders of northwestern Siberia have fought cold weather and foreign incursions for centuries, but these resilient people may not weather the current storm. |
| Indigenous reindeer herders under siege by oil industry |
| For centuries reindeer breeders and fishers knew how to sustain themselves within this barren land, how to withstand the chilling colds in the wintertime and the swarms of mosquitoes in the summer. Now their traditional way of life is in danger. |
| Reindeer and Koryak |
| A look at the present industry of reindeer herding of Koryaks in Kamchatka, Russia |
| Mansi Economy |
| Reindeer played an important part in the life of Mansi. |
| Negidal Economy |
| Reindeer provided transportation and was hunted by Negidal people in Russia. |
| Photo Essay about Nenets in Russia |
| A wonderful collection of photos with short comments by a Nenets on their way of life and relationship with reindeer. |
| Reindeer People, Nenets - A photo report from Discovery Channel |
| This video-photo report brings you to the back of beyond where you'll meet up with the Nenets reindeer herders, a people who are still living much as they did 500 years ago. Watch for online video clips (linked to photos) throughout the presentation. |
| Expedition to the Nenets - Estonian National Museum |
| Interesting pictures of Nenets' and their traditional life revolving around reindeer. |
| Nenets: Reindeer Herders of Siberia - Geoguide from National Geographic |
| Journey into the world of ancient reindeer herders. Good pcitures and illustrations. |
| Yamal Field Notes - Expedition into the land of Nenets |
| Follow the team of anthropolists as they explore the world of Nenets and their rich culture revolving around reindeer. Great photos and videoclips on this site. |
| The Nenets and Khanty of Yamal Peninsula |
| This article gives a brief history of these people who rely on reindeer for much of their food, transportation, etc. |
| Journey to Other Worlds - Virtual Exhibition by Illinois State Museum |
| This great site explores, through over 200 objects of material culture and a magnificent collection of archival photographs, the late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century lifeways of fourteen ethnographic groups distributed across Siberia. |
| The Nunamiut Eskimo |
| Read about the role of caribou in the life of these people. |
| Land right conflicts threaten traditional Sami culture in Sweden |
| Several Sámi communities have been sued by private land owners, who refuse access to reindeer on their forested land. A report on conflict in which Sámi could lose their grazing rights. |
| Reindeer - Culture and Industry |
| Reindeer - essential part of Sami culture and their economy. |
| The Saami Hunting Society in Transition: Approaches, Concepts and Context |
| Read about the transition of Sami society from that focused on hunting to reindeer herding oriented culture. |
| The year of the reindeer in the Handolsdalen Sami village, Sweden |
| Short article on annual cycle of reindeer life in Sami herding. |
| The Sámi's Fight for Land Right - Adopt a Reindeer |
| Help Sami fight for their land rights to continue reindeer herding. |
| Description of the Reindeer of Scandinavia and Northern Russia. The reindeer in the Sami culture. |
| General information on reindeer, reindeer herding/husbandry, and role of reindeer in Sami culture. |
| Reindeer Farm Tuula-Maija Magga-Hetta, Finland |
| Come and acquaint yourself with genuine Sami handicrafts and culture. You will have the opportunity to do Sami handicraft or to have a look at reindeer husbandry on the premises of a reindeer farm. |
| What is good for the reindeer, is good for the Sami |
| An overview of the project on co-management on the Kola Peninsula. The project will enable the Sami reindeer herders to contribute their traditional knowledge of their land to help the Russian government manage resources and development in the region. |
| Sami Chronology in Alaska |
| An account of Sami people in Alaska. Reindeer played an integral role in the lives of these people. |
| Purnumukka Reindeer Farm, Finland |
| We are a family business specialized in reindeer programs and located in an old picturesque Sami village. |
| Juhani and Lea Magga's Reindeer Farm, Finland |
| Juhani and Lea Magga's Reindeer Farm is situated in the vicinity of the River Ivalojoki, in the idyllic village of Huuhkaja. It is old reindeer herding area and has kept its look of a typical Lapp village. |
| The White Reindeer (Valkoinen Peura) |
| An ancient legend of Lapland tells of a cursed woman who is transformed into a white reindeer who wanders the snowfields of the Midnight Sun luring all hunters who cross her path to their deaths. |
| Reindeer Herding and Forestry in Northern Sweden |
| A case study about conditions, problems and possible solutions regarding the relationship between forestry and reindeer herding. |
| Inari Reindeer Farm, Finland |
| Inari Reindeer Farm specializes in reindeer ranching and is owned by a Sami family of 5. |
| Culture of utilization of natural resources by indigenous peoples of Russia |
| This chapter from "Atlas of environment and population health in Russia" in Russian gives a good detailed overview of the present state of indigenous peoples of Russia. Reindeer herding and hunting feature prominently among the main economic activities. |
| The Tsaatan - The Reindeer Riders |
| Set in the outermost limits of northern Mongolia, this film illustrates the life of Bat, the leader of the nomadic Tsaatan people, and his mutually enriching relationship with the reindeer. |
